Thyroid Disease in Qatar: Symptoms, Risks & Growing Concerns

Have you been feeling off lately with unexplained weight changes, fatigue, and mood swings? More often, you may be leaving them unnoticed, thinking it might be the stress. It's better to consult a doctor. Your thyroid could be the culprit. Thyroid disease in Qatar is becoming so prevalent, especially in women.  

With a rise in thyroid cases, many people are unaware of the symptoms, risks, and the impact of thyroid disorders on the overall health of a person. Recognising early signs and seeking treatment is key to preventing long-term complications. So, let’s take a deep dive into what thyroid disease is, its types, the early warning signs and symptoms of thyroid problems, and more in this blog.

What is a Thyroid disease?

Do you know how much of an impact the thyroid has on your health? The thyroid, the small butterfly-shaped gland on your neck, has a crucial role in regulating your body's metabolism, energy, and hormone levels. Thyroid disease happens when it doesn’t function properly, which means it leads to conditions like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, which are either overproduction or underproduction of thyroid hormones.

If you gently touch the front of your neck, just below your Adam’s apple, you may be able to feel your thyroid. Usually, you shouldn’t feel anything. However, if it is enlarged due to thyroid disease, you may notice swelling or lumps in the neck. It is a growing public health concern in Qatar, as previously mentioned. According to national data from 2021, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 4.74%, with 82.82% of cases affecting women. These data emphasise the need for improved management techniques, early detection, and more awareness in Qatar. 

What are the Types of Thyroid Disease?

Understanding the different types of thyroid disease is the first step in recognising the symptoms and potential health issues and seeking proper treatment. Conditions like hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goitre, and thyroid cancer each affect the body differently and vary in severity. Being aware of these conditions can help you manage them effectively through early diagnosis and treatment.

• Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): It happens due to the underproduction of thyroid hormones, which leads to slow metabolism, weight gain, tiredness and even depression.

• Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): This condition is characterised by the overproduction of thyroid hormones. It leads to rapid metabolism, weight loss, increased heart rate, and anxiety.

• Goiter: The disease causes enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is often due to iodine deficiency or other thyroid issues.

• Thyroid Nodules: The condition that causes lumps or growths in the thyroid gland. It can be benign or cancerous.

• Thyroid Cancer: It is a malignant growth in the thyroid that can cause a lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and changes in voice.

Having discussed the types of thyroid diseases, let’s now examine the early warning signs and symptoms that may indicate a thyroid disorder, allowing you to take action before the condition worsens.

What are the Early Warning Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Problems?

Thyroid symptoms can be subtle at first. If detected early, you can get timely treatment. Here are some of the common symptoms you should watch out for:

• Slow or rapid heart rate: If you experience a noticeable change in your heart rate, whether it is beating at a slow pace or faster than usual, it can be considered a sign of thyroid issues.

• Unexplained weight loss or weight gain: Watch out for significant weight loss or gain without any changes to your diet or workout routine.

• Difficulty tolerating cold or heat: Another symptom is experiencing excessive heat or cold, even in a normal environment. 

• Depression or anxiety: The unexplained feelings of sadness, depression, or heightened anxiety can be another symptom.

• Irregular menstrual periods: If you are experiencing changes in your menstrual cycle, such as heavier, lighter, or missed periods, consult a doctor.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a doctor to have your thyroid function checked. The first step doctors take is to perform tests to measure your TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) levels and assess your thyroid health. Let's take a closer look at how TSH levels can give you a clear picture of your thyroid function.

What are normal Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels?

TSH, or thyroid-stimulating hormone, is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating the thyroid's activity. Essentially, it signals the thyroid on how much hormone to make. If your TSH levels are either too high or too low, it may indicate a thyroid issue. Generally, normal TSH levels fall between 0.4 and 4.0 milliunits per litre (mU/L), although this range can vary slightly based on your age and overall health.

TSH Levels for Different Age Categories

Here’s a breakdown of the normal TSH levels based on different age groups:

What happens when TSH levels are too low or too high?

Low TSH Levels

• It typically indicates hyperthyroidism, meaning your thyroid is overactive and producing too much hormone.

• The common symptoms include: unexplained weight loss, rapid heart rate or palpitations, anxiety or nervousness, heat intolerance, and tremors (shaking hands).

• If left untreated, hyperthyroidism can cause complications such as heart disease and bone loss.

High TSH Levels

• It usually indicates hypothyroidism, in which the thyroid is underactive and does not produce enough hormone.

• The common symptoms include thyroid weight gain, fatigue or sluggishness, dry skin and hair, cold intolerance, and constipation.

• High TSH levels, if not treated, can cause serious health problems such as heart disease, infertility, depression, nerve damage, and thyroid gland enlargement (goiter).

When Should You See a Doctor for Thyroid Disease?

If any of the following symptoms apply to you or you have a family history of thyroid disease, you should see a doctor:

• Unexpected weight fluctuations (inexplicable weight gain or loss)

• Heart rate variations (fast or slow heartbeat)

• Sensitivity to temperature (feeling abnormally hot or cold)

• Neck swelling (possible thyroid enlargement).

• Irregular periods (changes in menstrual cycles)

• Having a family history of thyroid disease, even if you don't have symptoms.

How is Thyroid Health Checked?

Here are the most common tests used to assess thyroid health.

• TSH Blood Test: This is the primary screening tool used to assess thyroid function.

• T3 and T4 Hormone Tests: These tests measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the body.

• Thyroid Ultrasound or Scan: This procedure is performed to further examine the thyroid gland, particularly for detecting nodules or enlargement.

How to Keep the Thyroid Healthy?

To maintain a healthy thyroid, it's essential to ensure you get enough iodine, but be cautious not to consume it in excess. Incorporate foods rich in iodine, such as iodized salt, dairy products, fish, seaweed, and eggs, into your diet, as these support thyroid function. Additionally, if you are at risk for thyroid disease, especially if you have a family history, be sure to schedule regular checkups. Early detection and ongoing monitoring can help prevent complications and maintain your thyroid's health. By following these simple steps, you can significantly enhance your overall thyroid health and well-being.

Conclusion

Now that you are aware of thyroid disease and its symptoms and risks, if you manage thyroid issues with the right approach, detect them early, and receive treatment on time, you can lead a quality life ahead. Remember, if you experience persistent symptoms or belong to a high-risk group, don't wait; get it tested, properly diagnosed, and receive treatment.

Written By : Tina Joy

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can thyroid disease affect pregnancy?

Ans: Yes, untreated thyroid disorders can cause complications during pregnancy, such as miscarriage or premature birth.

2. How often should I get my thyroid checked?

Ans: If you are at risk or have symptoms, have your thyroid checked every 1 to 2 years. Regular checkups are needed for those with a family history.

3. Can thyroid problems affect mental health?

Ans: Yes, it can cause mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and difficulty focusing.

4. Can thyroid disease cause hair loss?

Ans: Yes, you may experience hair thinning or hair loss due to thyroid disease, which can cause your hair to become dry, brittle, and prone to shedding.

5. Is it safe to exercise with thyroid problems?

Ans: Yes, exercising with thyroid disease is generally safe. However, if you have hypothyroidism, you may feel fatigued and need to start with light activities. Consult your doctor to create an exercise plan tailored to your needs.